Gothic metal (or goth metal) is a mixed genre that combines the aggression of heavy metal with the dark atmosphere of gothic rock. Gothic metal music is diverse with bands known for adopting a gothic approach to various styles of heavy metal music. The genre originated in the early 1990s in England initially as a result of death-doom, a fusion of death metal and doom metal. The lyrics are generally dark and introspective with inspiration from gothic fiction as well as personal experiences.
Gothic metal pioneers include Paradise Lost, My Dying Bride and Anathema, all from the north of England. Other pioneers from the first half of the 1990s included Type O Negative from the United States, Lake of Tears, Tiamat and Katatonia from Sweden, and the Gathering from the Netherlands. Norwegian band Theater of Tragedy developed a "beauty and beast" aesthetic by combining aggressive male vocals with clean female vocals, a contrast that had been adopted by previous groups, but not as a trademark; several bands have used this technique since then. During the mid-1990s, Moonspell, Theaters des Vampires, Rotting Christ and Cradle of Filth brought a gothic approach to black metal. By the end of the decade, a symphonic metal variant of gothic metal had been developed by Tristania, Within Temptation and Nightwish also integrating elements of gothic metal into their popular mix of symphonic metal and power metal.
In the 21st century, gothic metal has moved into the mainstream in Europe, particularly in Finland where groups such as Entwine, HIM, Lullacry and Poisonblack have released hit singles or chart-topping albums. In the US, however, only a few bands such as Type O Negative and Evanescence have found some degree of commercial success.